an automatic emergency shutdown valve (ESD valve) is a critical safety device used in industries involving hazardous materials or conditions. Its main purpose is to swiftly shut off the flow of fluids or gases in a system during emergencies to prevent accidents, equipment damage, or environmental hazards. ESD valves are designed for rapid response, fail-safe operation, and may have remote control and manual override features. They are commonly used in oil and gas, petrochemicals, refining, chemical processing, power generation, and pipelines.